The central bank, a cast plate of the banking system, aims to design and implement the monetary, exchange and credit policy, regulating and prudentially supervising the banking system and the payment system, having as ultimate objective to ensure and maintain price and financial stability. By writing this paper we attempt to approach a topical and scientific interest subject in the financial-monetary area, namely the National Bank of Romania’s role in ensuring banking macro-stability and prudentiality. The purpose of the present research is to provide a qualitative analysis of policies and measures implemented by the National Bank of Romania, as the central bank and especially as the supervisory authority in the current economic context.